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Genuine Faux News of the Farm

Vol 6 Issue 1 - January 2010

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Editorial:Participation Makes it Better

swallow nestlings

 

Features

 

 

Monthly Cartoon

Wanted
Farm News

Buy Local Guide

CSA Report

Events

 


Editorial: Participation Makes it Better

Now that we have had a little time after the end of the CSA season, we can begin to reflect on what did (and did not) happen during the past year. And, one of the things that we have always suspected seems to be borne out by the experiences reported to us in the past several years. People get more out of a service when they take advantage of opportunities to become more involved.

Obviously, we focus on local foods and our farm when we write these editorials. After all, that is where the wealth of our experience lies. But, you can make this case for any professional organization, hobby-based club, political affiliation or your own education. If you take the time to put more of yourself into something, your understanding and appreciation for all involved increases. And, for most people, this results in greater satisfaction and more informed choices.

At this time we'd like to provide you with 'exhibit A:' individuals (who shall remain nameless) who have been involved in the CSA since its inception. These persons have been willing to ask questions, give opinions and find ways to become involved in our farm and its growth. Without them, we might have decided this project/business/farm/thing required too much of us for too little return. In short, their participation made our efforts on the farm worth it to us. The intangible support from a caring community means more than one might expect. On the other hand, we get enough feedback from these individuals to know that they ALSO have a sense of ownership, satisfaction and pride in the growth of GFF.

We have also discovered that persons who have been able to come to Tom Sawyer Days, Festivals or other farm visits - especially with the family - come away with much more than the food provided in a CSA share. Connecting your food with the farm and the land in which it grows creates a sense of importance for your food. Regardless of whether members return to the CSA or not - if they have visited the farm to see how it works, they have a greater appreciation for food and farming. And, with that appreciation comes the freedom to be able to partake in a much wider palette of food choices than one might find in a supermarket.

You may also notice that we have a guest columnist who does not reside on the farm. Zeb Figura's family are members of the CSA. He and his siblings are often involved in vegetable pickup on Tuesdays and they frequently have some say in what is selected to take home. Zeb's participation has given him an opportunity to sample our wide range of peppers and we are told a fresh pepper is a favorite snack for him. Towards the end of the season we were asking Zeb to taste a few peppers for us and give us his opinion. Most get good reviews - but the one that got a great review was the Quadrato asti Giallo. We already thought it was pretty good - but I think Zeb sealed the deal for its return every year as long as we can get seed.

And there you have it - participation and feedback = response and action by your personal farmers. Is that cool or what?

Thanks, Santa!

Santa was very kind and mailed us a card postmarked December 24, just prior to midnight. Inside the card were two gift certificates - each for a one hour massage. Wherever you are now Santa, we are grateful.


Quick News

Don't have time to read all of the newsletter. Here are some quick announcements about the farm in brief:

  1. There are about 50 openings in the CSA for next year. Plenty of room. Join us.
  2. We have potatoes and dry beans. Contact us if you are interested.
  3. We will do ducks, chickens and turkeys again in 2010.
  4. We are applying for funds to help build a hoop house/high tunnel.
  5. German Butterball wins 2009 Veg Variety Award.
  6. Everyone is encouraged to visit our blog.
  7. GFF will be at PFI conference in January, MOSES conference in February
  8. GFF to serve as mentor for new veg/poultry producer in Cedar Rapids.
  9. GFF to present at 2010 Siouxland Garden Show
  10. GFF to be at Wartburg Go Green Fair
  11. GFF to present at Phil & Lit Society
  12. Egg cartons NEEDED!
  13. Birds are a-layin' - egg contracts available.
  14. GFF applying for FARRMS grants in 2010

Keeping Up With the Farm

We are approaching our one year anniversary of our blog Genuinely Faux at the point we are publishing this newsletter on the web. While our newsletters are a more formal presentation of announcements, information and various other things, the blog provides us with an informal place to let interested persons into the world that is the Genuine Faux Farm.

Typically, Rob (and sometimes Tammy) will compose multiple items for the blog at one sitting and schedule them for release over a period of time. So, while it may look like we are posting every few days, it is likely the result of a 'brain dump' on a rainy or otherwise inclement day - or the ramblings of a tired person later in the evening. Regardless, the goal of the blog is to provide interested persons insight into what happens at the farm, what we are thinking about and perhaps even some things that are not farm related that we do or care about.

Several persons have indicated that they appreciate access to these insights and we hope that everyone who might want to participate is able to do so.

Recent posts that we think you might enjoy:

* A Whole Year of Genuinely Faux - if you want to enjoy one post in particular - try this one as it has links to our top posts for the past year. ALSO, take a moment and participate in the vote for the top posts in the blog.

* Gifted - our Thanksgiving post

* Learn About the Farm - a post with links to several other posts that can give you glimpses into our farm life.

Vol 6 Issue 1 - January 2010

Winter Work on the Farm

It always amazes us how much there is to do on the farm during the 'off-season.' The parallel we draw with teaching jobs seems to reach the most people - except that it reverses the seasons. During the school year, teachers tend to work many more hours than the traditionally accepted forty just to stay afloat. As a result, they accumulate many tasks that are pushed aside as a matter of necessity. These tasks are often performed during the summer months when the "have nothing else to do."

First, we know better. Teachers have plenty to do in the summer with respect to their jobs. But, summer is when they have a chance to breathe and work under a more relaxed schedule. Winter is, essentially, Rob's time to catch up on all the things delayed during the summer. Unfortunately for Tammy - she is ALSO a teacher at Wartburg.

A sampling of tasks that have taken our time prior to snow:

  • tomato cages cleaned and set up in a corralled area to prevent them from traveling in winter winds
  • garlic planted and covered with hay mulch
  • overwinter plantings of carrots, spinach and parsnips planted
  • last of root crops, lettuce and other items harvested before ground freeze
  • all items that should not freeze brought into house for winter
  • tiller off tractor, snowblower on
  • laying flock shelter area gets sealed up (to keep it warmer). heat lamp in, timer with light to encourage continued laying and a heater to keep water unfrozen. don't forget some new hay bedding!
  • compost spread in fields
  • irrigation line disconnected. all hoses drained, picked up and stored.
  • new grafted apple trees, new grapes and other fruit trees put into ground
  • fruit trees fenced
  • 2 harvest markets prepped for, packed for, etc etc
  • rows of lettuce covered to overwinter for early spring harvest
  • gravel spread in drive
  • shade cover off of "duck N cover," any tool or item that is outside for the farm that can come inside a building is brought in.
  • posts pounded and signs put up to prevent snowmobile riders from crossing our grounds
  • recording for 2009 crops and planning for 2010
  • beginning of tax reporting work

 

Poultry Report

This season was a mixed bag for poultry. The Spring chickens were smaller than we wanted and our experiment with a different breed of broilers did not go very well. We also lost half of our turkeys to a raccoon early in the season. On the other hand, our fall chickens were the biggest and best tasting birds we have ever raised. The Muscovey duck project went very well and the turkeys that survived the early problems were very large and extremely tasty. If you want to read about our feelings on the day the turkeys went to "the park" you can check out our blog entry: Mixed Bag of Feelings.

At the time of this writing - ALL BIRDS ARE SOLD OUT. Our apologies to anyone that was hoping for more birds this year. You will have to wait until our first batch is ready next summer.

At present our hens are happy and providing us with 3 dozen eggs a day. We are able to take on more egg contracts at this time if you are interested. A contract of 5 dozen eggs, delivered over time is $15. Contact Tammy if interested in EGGS.

We are planning for some major layout changes on the farm in order to make the poultry raising process easier for us. Our hope is that we can secure some grant money to help with some of the expenses. Our intent is to improve our pasture management, improve the security from night-time predators and decrease the extraneous labor that comes from raising birds with inferior fencing and housing.

As with this year, we are planning on two batches of chickens, but will consider a third if our full plans come to fruition. Once again, we will target getting fifty to sixty turkey chicks. It is also likely that we will raise at least one, if not two batches of twenty-five Muscovey ducks.

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Important Dates

  • Jan 8 & 9 - Practical Farmers of Iowa conference - Marshalltown
  • Jan 31 - Go Green Fair - Wartburg College, Waverly
  • Feb 5 - presentation at Phil & Lit Society - Joe's Nighthawk, Waverly, 4pm
  • Feb 24 - Tammy presentation on Energy Use Reduction, New Hartford, 7pm
  • Feb 25-28 - Organic Conference - LaCrosse, WI
  • Mar 19-20 - presentations at Siouxland Garden Show, South Sioux City, NE

Genuine Faux Farm Mentoring New Farmers

With the generous sponsorship of MOSES, GFF will be acting as mentors to the Forest Farm Garden in Cedar Rapids. Melissa Sharapova, Carol Berg and Blair Frank are looking to expand their gardening and begin marketing their product using organic methods. We anticipate that this relationship will result in as much learned by the mentors as by the mentees. But, even more importantly, it is encouraging to find more and more people taking the steps necessary to produce local and organic foods!

Farm Report

Some quick farm facts from our 2009 season for those who may have interest.

  • Over 3200 heads of lettuce (1500+ lbs) were harvested this year.
  • 118 CSA members participated in the 2009 season
  • We harvested over 4900 marketable sweet peppers (a record year) with many more going to turkeys, chickens and ducks
  • Every Thursday CSA distribution in October was cold, windy and raining.
  • 900 lbs of green beans were harvested
  • Fall chickens averaged one pound more in process weight than our spring birds over a similar period of weeks.
  • This summer was one of the coolest on record for our area.
  • Over 1000 winter squash were harvested from our fields.
  • We grew 34 different heirloom tomato cultivars in 2009.
  • Cucumber production was only 30% of 2007 crop levels - yet was more than double 2008 production.
  • We have yet to tabulate beet production - but it was a good year.
  • Our work crews are the best! Thank you all!
  • The farm has had its best year financially - making it possible for us to continue our efforts.
  • Our young fruit trees set only a few apples and no plums in 2009. Several are of an age where we expect to see some production in the next year.
  • Asparagus is lining up for what could be an excellent spring in 2010.

Perhaps the most important item to report. Rob and Tammy worked hard and were frequently tired. However, decisions made and actions taken in response to what we've learned over the past few seasons have done wonders. There were relatively few times where we were so tired and frustrated that we felt a strong desire to throw up our hands and simply give up. On the whole, we felt healthier and happier - and genuinely pleased to be doing what we do.

Fall Harvest Markets

The Harvest Market extension to the Waverly Farmers' Market season was reasonably successful. As a result, it is likely that there will be plans by local growers to hold similar markets next year - perhaps going further into the winter. This year's markets were not planned until late in the summer/ early fall. Thus, growers had not planned for the eventuality of these markets and generally did not have as much as they might otherwise have. Planning for these markets in the spring should result in more quantity, quality and diversity for next season.

At the time of this writing, there is one more Harvest Market planned for December 19 at the Public Market Building in Waterloo (317 W 3rd Street). We will not be holding a table at that market, but there should be a good range of vendors there. The market begins at 8:30 and ends at 11:30 in the morning on Saturday.

A quick review of our experience during the November Harvest Market can be found in our blog in the entry Hoorah for Harvest Markets.

Vol 6 Issue 1 - January 2010


Peppers
Guest Columnist, Zeb Figura

Capsicum annuum, or the sweet pepper, is a delicious vegetable. It can come in a variety of colors, usually reds, yellows, and greens. It is not spicy. It makes a good snack and is one of my favorite foods.

Like the sweet pepper, all peppers are flavorful. Stuffed peppers for dinner, jalapeños that make you smoke at the ears or flavor up your chili, or just a pepper for on the go are all delicious and nutritious ways to enjoy peppers.

The hot pepper, while not your average snack, is still a good spice and will heat things up that need it. Well-known hot peppers(which are usually found in salsas, sauces and spices) include the jalapeño, chipotle, tabasco, cayenne, and several species of chili peppers. The world's hottest pepper is known as Bhut Jokolia or Naga Jokolia (Capsicum chinense) and can be from 125 up to 400 times as spicy as a jalapeño! In northeastern India, Bhut Jokolia juice is smeared on fences or used in smoke bombs for keeping wild elephants at a distance.

Sweet peppers, some hot peppers, and bell peppers can usually be found at CSA, so keep an eye out for them!

Cited
http://www.chilipeppermadness.com/chili-pepper-types.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhut_Jolokia

[ed note: Other than adding italic for scientific names and selecting spots for paragraph breaks - this article was taken as received from Zeb. Well done, Sir!]

Veg Variety Winners for 2009

One of our annual newsletter features has been the inclusion of our vegetable cultivars of the year. You will notice that all mentioned cultivars are open-pollinated varieties and their inclusion in this list reflects our success with the variety during the given growing season. Another feature in this newsletter discusses prior year winners and their success in subsequent years.

1. German Butterball Potato

After doing some research involving existing potato varieties, we decided that the German Butterball would be an excellent choice to add to our production. The review for production were good - and we were looking for a yellow-fleshed potato that might produce more consistently than Yukon Gold. But, we were even more excited by this cultivar's possibilities when we read about it winning multiple taste tests! We were forced to wait two years for results of our own (complete potato crop failure in 2008), but the results are in. These ARE the best potatoes we've ever tasted. And, the plants provided us with consistently sized tubers with more than the 5:1 ratio we need in terms of harvested to seed potato weight.

Wanted

  • EGG CARTONS - dozen or dozen & 1/2 cartons are fine.
  • Leaves for compost/mulch - contact us first.
  • CSA members for 2010
  • Some old, but useful standard garden tools - such as spades, garden rakes, hoes & trowels. If you have some of these that no longer get used - but are in good enough shape to be used - we could be the home for them. OR - if you like going to auctions, etc and might see batches of such tools, we could use your help in acquiring some. Contact us first to discuss.

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2. Pablo Lettuce

Pablo was introduced to us as part of a Seed Savers Mix picked up in 2008. This loosehead lettuce got just enough of our interest for us to trial it in the fall of 2008 with some success. Pablo is a longer season lettuce that seems to handle warmer weather better than many. The plants are attractive and we have had multiple reports of failed salads because those making the salad ate all the lettuce before it could be put into the formal dish. Pablo will be awarded more row feed in 2010. Pablo Lettuce - courtesy Seed Savers

3. Chioggia Beet

chioggia beet - courtesy of Seed Savers We understand that beets are NOT everyone's favorite vegetable. The most common complaint being that the roots taste "earthy." Another issue with beets is their tendency to "bleed" when cooked. Chioggia handles both complaints well. The red stripes tend to fade if steamed, but hold when roasted - and they do not bleed like most of their counterparts. Their taste tends to be milder - making them an excellent 'gateway' beet that will lead detractors to consider consuming other cultivars. Germination and growth rates are consistent - making them a rewarding garden vegetable to grow.

4. Jaune Flamme Tomato

This French heirloom has long been on the cutting floor of our 'new trials' list. In fact, it didn't initially make the cut for 2009. However, some seed managed to find its way to us and we put in five plants to see how they would do. Fruits are salad sized and are a golden yellow to orange in color. Taste is excellent and their size is good for putting on the table for the family to snack on as the day progresses. Each plant produced slightly over 100 marketable fruits, despite a year that was shortened due to blight. We're almost afraid to grow more plants on the farm in 2010.

5. Quadrato asti Giallo Pepper

Big bell peppers tend to sacrifice taste for size - but we believe we found an exception in this cultivar. Taste is excellent either green or as they turn to yellow. Size of fruit runs from average to 'you've got to be kidding me!' Quadrato is a mildly difficult pepper to grow. Harvest per plant is smaller (5 per plant this year) and pest intrusion happens more frequently. These peppers do best if well mulched. Get any blemished fruits off the plants as soon as you notice them for best results.

Honorable Mention: Listada de Gandia Eggplant, Waltham Butternut Squash, Jade Green Bean, Crispmint Lettuce, Jimmy Nardello's Frying Pepper

Vol 6Issue 1 - January 2010


Sign Up For 2010 Season CSA!

There are several spots still available for our 2010 CSA season. Reservations are open to all interested parties. Go to our homepage, take the link at the right and follow instructions to sign up.

  • $25 Deposit to hold CSA share for 2010.

A deposit of $25 is required to hold a spot for 2010. This deposit is applied towards the total amount required for a share. You will be billed for the balance beginning in late January/early February to help pay for seed and early equipment purchases.

  • 120 total slots available.

We are comfortable that our production model can provide quality produce in reasonable amounts for this many share holders - even in poor seasons. In an average year, we expect that we will have plenty of excess beyond the needs of the CSA. However, we feel it is important to be able to guarantee reasonable amounts for our CSA members.

  • Large and Standard sizes only in 2010.

As we mentioned in the August newsletter, we need to do something to simplify our distribution numbers. Simply put, three different share sizes create numerous difficulties with respect to determining fair share amounts & proper distribution of produce. We apologize to those who were counting on the single share size continuing and we hope that we can help you find a way to make a standard share work for you.

  • Select a share size now, with option to change as the season approaches.

We realize that situations can change and that might require an increase or decrease in the produce you need. We will work with you to change the share size - but we ask you to make your best guess as to which share size you anticipate you will use in 2010.

  • Waiting List

We will maintain a waiting list once we reach capacity. Things happen. People experience job changes. We might come up with an alternative that can expand the number of slots. Who knows? Persons placed on the wait list will need to make sure we have appropriate contact information, a preferred pickup location and a preferred share size.

  • On Farm pickup Monday, Waverly Farmers' Market Tuesday and Roots Market in Cedar Falls Thursday

At this time, we see no reason to alter 2009's distribution plan.

University Museum - Check It Out!

Our thanks to Diane Schupbach for giving us the nickel tour of the University Museum at 3219 Hudson Road in Cedar Falls. If you are looking for something to do with the kids during some of the gray winter days - here is an excellent opportunity. For that matter, take the kid IN YOU and visit this place. While we were under a bit of a time crunch, we saw enough to know that we will be back.

The museum is located on the frontage road to the west of Hudson Road. Visit their website and learn more. Unlike so many things in life, this museum is FREE and open to the public. It is open from 9am to 4:30 pm Mon-Fri and 1pm to 4pm on Saturday.

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Adjustments to the CSA in 2010

Tammy and I strongly believe that a healthy farm is one that assesses prior performance and makes adjustments in an effort to continue to improve. Here are some of our targets for the 2010 CSA season:

  1. Produce distribution rotation

In an effort to provide perhaps a bit more of certain items to fulfill the needs of recipes, we are looking at a plan where we rotate certain products so that you get more of that product at one time, but potentially in alternate weeks. Example - a larger bag of beans or peas every other week vs smaller every week.

2. Item Options

Combinations of items, such as beets and turnips, to allow people the opportunity to get larger amounts per week of similar, but not exactly the same, items.

3. Increased truck space

We need more truck space. One way to get it is to find places to store display materials at or near our distributions. We are also looking at an option to raise the topper on the truck to provide more space.

4. Weekly email reminders

Don't expect much - but we are looking to implement a quick email reminder to be sent on the morning of the distribution to persons signed up for that distribution day.

5. Trade in Board?

The trade in box doesn't work for various reasons. But, we are wondering about the efficacy of a trade in 'board.' A chalk board where you can write down items you intend to leave behind. In return, you can select items left behind by others on the board. Clearly, we are only considering this at the time. Suggestions welcomed.

6. Continued adjustments for crop planning

GFF Presentations and Conferences

We will be busy in the winter months doing what we can to keep our knowledge fresh AND share what we know (or think we know) with others.

We begin our 'world tour' with the Practical Farmers of Iowa conference in Marshalltown. We look forward to this conference as an opportunity to meet with other Iowa CSA's, vegetable growers and commodity crop farmers. The diverse nature of this conference, combined with the focus on the state of Iowa gives us a wholistic view of the state of agriculture in our area.

We follow this event with the Go Green Fair at Wartburg College. Once again, we will hold a table at the fair in an effort to educate and promote our local food systems (this, of course, includes promoting our farm). We will also give a presentation to the Phil & Lit society, which meets in the back room at Joe's Nighthawk on the topic of organic farming. Tammy follows this up with a presentation to the New Hartford Women's Club with respect to Energy Use. While she will be wearing her Sustainability Coordinator hat for Wartburg College, it has plenty of connection with our farm!

The Organic Conference, sponsored by MOSES, is one of our highlights for the off-season. We look forward to many interesting presentations and many opportunities to learn. Our presentations in March will be discussed more in our February newsletter - but at least you know we'll be there!

Taters Anyone?

We currently have All Blue and German Butterball potatoes in excess of what we need for seed and our own eating needs. Interested persons should contact us via email.

Vol 6 Issue 1 - January 2010 page 5

Where Are They Now?: Prior Veg Variety Winners

We select our winners each year based on that growing season's results. Which, of course, begs the question of consistency. Do we have different lists each year because the prior years' winners did poorly - or is it because we have come to expect excellence from prior winners and we tend to exclude them from our lists for that reason? You will find that the answers fall on both sides - and everywhere in between.

2008 Winners: 1. Dr Wyche's Yellow Tomato, 2. St Valery Carrot, 3. Dwarf Blue Curled Scotch Kale, 4. Crispmint Lettuce, 5. King Richard Leek

Still at the Top

Crispmint Lettuce received an honorable mention this year and is one of those that did not repeat because we DO like to highlight new varieties each season. Its performance was as good as prior years and its taste is still highly praised by romaine/lettuce lovers who taste it.

Knocked Down a Notch, But Still Good

The Curled Scotch Kale is still an excellent cultivar that didn't really surprise us this year. In fact, it didn't perform quite as well as the prior season due to its location in 2009. It was placed in a plot that had grass weed issues - resulting in less yield. Between that and the emergence of Red Russian Kale as a favorite for many, it fell out of contention. St Valery and King Richard are still our favorites for carrots and leeks. But, both suffered in the same grass infested plot. We expect both to rebound in 2010.

Inconsistent Yield, Consistent Taste

Dr Wyche's Yellow Tomato still ranks as one of the best tasting yellow tomatoes you'll find. It maintains a good tomato taste with a lower acid content. However, we are finding that it is more finicky than other yellow tomatoes about the weather. In a good year, the plants will lift their cages out of the ground and wow you with fruit well over 1 pound. In a poor year, you still get some decent crops, but the fruits succomb to problems faster than other tomatoes. So, keep the plants picked clean of any blemished fruit and you should keep this at bay.


2007 Winners: 1. Jimmy Nardello's Frying Pepper, 2. Mountain Sweet Yellow Watermelon, 3. Italian Heirloom Tomato, 4. Sweet Genovese Basil, 5. Burgess Buttercup Squash

Still at the Top

Jimmy Nardello's received an honorable mention this year and is still a pepper we highly recommend to people who want to include peppers in stir fries, sauces, grilled vegetables and other cooked items. Production is always excellent. Italian Heirloom tomatoes have had only one bad season under our watch, and we suspect there was a soil issue in the area they were planted at that time. Excellent meaty fruits often reach one pound in size and ripen earlier in the season. And, yes, we still rely on Sweet Genovese Basil for our standard basil. They serve as an excellent companion for our toamtoes and provide us with multiple cuttings during the season.

 

Knocked Down a Notch, But Still Good

Burgess Buttercup Squash is still our squash of choice for eating because we tend to prefer the drier flesh for our meals. Last year, we had a complete squash failure due to cold/wet weather. While this year was cool, we were able to get the seed in the ground on time. The result was an average crop - but with poorer than usual keeping qualities. It doesn't really matter as we'll never quit trying to grow these. They're worth it..

Inconsistent Yield, Consistent Taste

Mountain Yellow Sweet Watermelon has the best taste of all the watermelon we've grown. Like all watermelon, they need some heat and a longer season to produce. Unfortunately, our favorite variety is also the one with the longest season requirments. I suppose it has something to do with the 15-25 pounds the fruit can put on before being ready to pick. We'll keep planting these just for the years we have the season for it. And, of course, we'll keep trying some new tricks to help them along!

Why Buy Local?

Tammy requested that I include the Non Sequitur cartoon in this newsletter - so here it is:

non sequitur cartoon

Okay, okay. It is TOO small. However, if you click on the cartoon it will take you to the bottom of the newsletter for the full sized version of the cartoon.

But, this links nicely into our editorial for this newsletter. Participation means paying attention to how business is done and how your food is grown. You cannot do that if you do not particpate, ask questions, give feedback and be observant.

This is one of the biggest reasons we feel that you should consider buying your food locally and patronizing local businesses as you shop for Christmas. The local business is much more transparent - thus you have more opportunity to determine whether or not the product is worthy of your purchase. But, remember, just because you can see the warts of a small business doesn't mean they are less worthy of your business! The heavy makeup on larger, distant businesses make it hard to see the blemishes. And, they don't have much incentive to listen to you if you want things to change. Local businesses are comprised of people who know you and live with you. If that isn't incentive to be responsive, I am not sure what is!

A recent blog entry discusses some of our take as to how a local business is part of a web of local businesses. Patronizing one indirectly helps several others.


Crossword clue:

This month's clue: Bovine Earthmovers? 10 letters. 6th is an 'o', last is 's'.

BC cartoon

Mutts cartoon

Rhymes with Orange cartoon